Coronary Artery Disease And Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system is one of the most important systems in the body and responsible for the delivery of oxygen, nutrients and the removal of wastes from cellular and tissue levels. These products are transported within the blood through an interconnected system of blood vessels throughout the body with the heart being the power and force to pump it to the body. With the interaction of the many body systems, the blood is able to be regulated, oxygen and nutrients are able to get to the tissues and cells, and lastly the waste products are able to be excreted and removed. The vascular endothelium is very important in the functioning of the cardiovascular system because of its vast functionality. When the vascular endothelium is in†¦show more content†¦The left one supplies blood to the left ventricle and atrium and the right supplies blood to the right atrium and ventricle. These vessels supply the heart with the oxygen and nutrients that are required to function and s urvive (Sanders, Lewis, Quick, McKenna, 2007, p. 123-124). In the case of an individual with CAD, the most common cause is atherosclerosis. It is a chronic inflammatory reaction in the artery walls with deposits of fatty proteins/lipids and cholesterol (Drake, Vogl, Mitchell, 2015, p. 27). The inflammatory process is a pathological feature that contributes to the stages of atherosclerosis. It is initiated by attracting white blood cells such as monocytes and T lymphocytes to the injury site. The injury site can be caused by risk factors that can contribute to the disease such as; non-modifiable risk factors that include advanced age, men or women post menopause, family history or modifiable risk factors that include hypertension, smoking, diabetes and insulin resistance, obesity, hyperlipidemia and a sedentary lifestyle (Huether McCance, 2008, p. 622). The monocytes mature in macrophages and Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) begin oxidisation. Once these LDL’s have been oxidi sed they penetrate the damaged endothelial lining and gather between the tunica intima and tunica media (two layers of an artery wall), where the macrophages then engulf the LDL’s forming foam cells that accumulate to form lesions called fatty streaks. With damage to the

The Korean War - 1641 Words

During the times of the 1950’s the whole world was in a state of unrest, the downfall of Hitler in Europe had left an enormous swath of land that was half occupied by the allies and half occupied by the USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) which were communist. On the other side of the world in the pacific theater Japan had succumbed to the force of the United States and was defeated leaving all their conquered territory up for grabs. A specific region of interest that was given up by Japan were the Koreas which were divided into two countries that we know today as North Korea and South Korea. Conflicts erupted between both the communist north and the capitalist south, North Korea invaded South Korea and the United States had to step†¦show more content†¦In North Korea, communism ruled supreme in government and in South Korea a more capitalist approach was prevalent in their government. . The spread of communism didn’t stop and kept its march downward thro ugh the peninsula at a steady pace. â€Å"On June 25th, 1950 75,000 North Korean troops poured into South Korea which kick started the beginning of the Korean War. This lead to a civil war between North and South Korea which was soon brought to international attention when the U.S. came to the aid of South Korea and the Peoples republic of China (PRC) came to the aid of North Korea.†1 The United States agreed that the spread of communism should not be allowed to continue its advance into South Korea, arriving to the decision that military action would be required. The Americans knew that the invasion of South Korea by North Korea was just a mask of the advance of communism into the region. â€Å"In July, just a few months after the wars beginning American troops landed in South Korea to help stop the invading force of North Koreans.†2 The North Korean invasion came as an alarming surprise to American officials. As far as they were concerned, this was not simply a borde r dispute between two unstable dictatorships on the other side of the globe. Instead, many feared it was the first step in a communist campaign to take over the world. It was because of this reason that

Beliefs In The Actions & Teachings Of The Historical Simply Jesus

Question: Write an essay explaining first how Wright tries to show the roots of these beliefs in the actions and teachings of the historical Jesus. Secondly, whether or not you agree with or hold these beliefs, do you find Wrights analysis explaining why and how these beliefs arose to be persuasive? Answer: Nicholas Thomas Wright (Tom Wright) is a renowned British scholar who strongly believes and supports the need of a scriptural presence in respect to visions of theological studies. He has always been a vivid reader of biblical texts which made him worry that evangelicalism has been stretched too much by debates and lines instead of by scripture. In his book, Simply Jesus, he has displayed an entrancing vision of Jesus Christ along with his reason for existence. It has invigorated and diversified the knowledge we had about Jesus in regards to his story and culture of past times. Wright makes a very provocative claim in this book that after around 2000 years of belief, we might be wrong about Jesus. According to (Isbouts, 2012), much confusion has taken place over Jesus Christ, which is partially due to the result of historical and cultural difference, and partially because of what Jesus said and did was unusual in those times. He believes that we have diminished Jesus by trying to fit him into the concept of either a social reformer or Gods personification. In the earlier pages of his book, Wright questions the conservative crusaders as well as liberal cynics by asking them to put down their war weapons and linger on the questions about the real incidents. The writer is successful in identifying how the acts, words, rituals, symbolic phrases deeply influence ideas in Jesuss time. Wright paints a clear picture of Jesuss perfect storm in his own regards to aid us in seeing it with this century eyes. It is the collision of the dreams and hopes of the Jewish, th e Roman magnificent takeover of the universe as well as the wind of God which lead the way for Jesus to come to the rescue of humanity from their predicament. Jesus fits into the role of God when Wright says that He was the one in whose presence, work, and teaching Israels God was indeed becoming king. Teaching statements given by Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Matthew is quite rich and it gives insights of how Jesus believed in humanity (Anderson, 2012). His intention was not to set theology or teaching doctrines. Rather, he established his teachings along with commandments within his ministry (Matt. 28.20). Jesuss teachings were considered very enigmatic and cryptic by the Christians because they believed that Gods kingdom was coming to stand in a unique way (Harvey, 2012). The writer also observes that the repetitive reminiscence of the exodus was very significant and important for Israel, although they had failed to be the messiah in a violent way. Jesus had been involved in a cosmic war which could be termed as clash of kingdoms but it was not with Greek or Romans. (Duling, 2012) suggests that Jesus is very suited to the role of messiah since he personifies the place where it is considered that earth and heaven meet. His desire solely rested on the thought of Gods kingdom would come on earth as in heaven. The question might arise that if Jesus was Gods King, then why his death took place. Wright concludes that it is only because of his love for his people. The replaced life of loving the innocent one did give the ability to turn around the waves of the cosmic war in his favor. But de ath was not the only answer. Jesuss resurrection was required which not only revives him but also establish the beginning of a new age where he is ideally considered as the Gods King and the world as his kingdom project (Wojciechowski. 2014). Personally, it can be said that Jesus was really just trying to show what God was in real sense and exactly how His Kingdom of Heaven functioned through his miracles and teachings. He believed and preached that love and peace cannot be achieved by violence, bloodshed or conquest. It can only be gained with the true meaning of love, sacrifice, and humility. Sometimes even death. Wright appears to have no conviction in the concept of Rapture where Jesus is believed to return. He seems more like the follower and believer of Amillennialism which rejects the belief of Jesus serving thousand long physical years on the earth. However, it still cannot rationalize the existence of a superior power which is working around this world for the past centuries (Cobb, 2014). Though this does not concern my concept of rapture, I can agree with the notions put across by Wright in his book. The concluding chapter in Wrights book raises a very imminent question - What on earth does it mean, today, to sa y that Jesus is king, that he is Lord of the world? It can be said that the writer goes for a transformed sense of earthly vocation since it is evident that humans play a key role in the project of Gods kingdom. As said earlier, Wright believes that the community of human is confused with the idea of Jesus. Trying to categorize Jesus in any definitive theory is symptomatic of a much larger malaise that we have not allowed Jesus himself to express his part (Ascough, 2012). Yes, it seems that the beliefs we have followed for such a long period of time, that over the years it has become persuasive to our cause. The belief that Jesus still rules our world is a very controversial and challenging idea. People have theocracy which states that priests are the official spokesperson and they tells us from whats right and wrong. Allowing the church to act as the hierarchy and believing that they have the upper hand isnt substantial enough. Christians need to be studying how to make it happen t hat God is King on earth as in heaven. Our faith focuses on Jesus Christ along with all the witness and texts to support Christs life here on earth. Nevertheless, even being a strong believer, we all sometimes have asked ourselves the question in the back of our minds. The question which still remains Who was Jesus, actually and what was his belief? References Anderson, William Angor. The Gospel Of Matthew. Liguori, MO: Liguori Publications, 2012. Print. Ascough, Richard S. "The Triumph Of Christianity: How The Jesus Movement Became The World's Largest Religion. By Rodney Stark. San Francisco: Harperone, 2011. Pp. Vi + 506. Cloth, $27.99.". Relig Stud Rev 38.3 (2012): 173-173. Web. Cobb, John B. "Why Jesus?". Dialog 53.3 (2014): 213-222. Web. Duling, Dennis C. A Marginal Scribe. Eugene, Or.: Cascade Books, 2012. Print. Harvey, Paul. Moses, Jesus, And The Trickster In The Evangelical South. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2012. Print. Isbouts, Jean-Pierre. In The Footsteps Of Jesus. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2012. Print. Wojciechowski, Micha. "Teachings Of Jesus And Popular Hellenistic Stories". BPTh 7.1 (2014): 43. Web. Wright, N. T. Simply Jesus. New York: HarperOne, 2011. Print.

The book The Age of Empire

The book The Age of Empire: 1875-1914 by Eric Hobsbawm gives a detailed analysis of the late 19th century history. During the time, there were rapid changes towards the idea of imperialism. In the text, the author describes the period as important because it led to the establishment of new empires and political structures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The book The Age of Empire specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book also describes some of the roles played by historians and great thinkers at the time. Hobsbawm identifies two groups of historians during this period. We have some historians who looked forward for ideas and explanations in order to understand much about the present and the future (Hobsbawm 23). The other group of historians looked backward with great nostalgia. The author considers them as less optimistic and only looks backward with nostalgia. These historians only consider the events that hav e taken place in the past. The other group looks forward in order to foretell the events that might take place in our world. This group also examines certain thoughts such as those of religion, imperialism and capitalism thereby understanding what might take place in the coming days. These historians want to be prepared and address any issue as faced in the future (Hobsbawm 87). However, it is agreeable that the two groups of historians helped a lot towards shaping the world as it is today. Those who looked backwards with nostalgia helped conserve some ideas relating to religion, culture and traditions. I personally argue that Hobsbawm belongs to the group that is anxious about the present and the future. The author has examined the present situation as faced in the 19th century and offered possible explanations about what would happen in the future. He examines the progression and optimism of some nations about the future. Hobsbawm belongs to the group that wants to remain prepared in the event of war and conflict. This gives the author an upper hand to understand how future political foundations might look like (Hobsbawm 78). This includes how to promote the idea of capitalism in the future days.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other important discussion is that of liberal bourgeois capitalism. In the 19th century, capitalism became a strong force and thereby it led to the establishment of aristocracy in Europe and the West. As the aristocrats considered themselves powerful, the author addresses the issue of the bourgeois class. This class was becoming powerful day by day. They benefited from the industrial revolution and cheap labor from the peasants. As a result, the class became powerful and eventually resulted in revolutions. The liberal class overthrew the aristocrats from power through massive revolutions (Hobsbawm 98). The wave of capitalism would bec ome stronger than ever before. The countries were now ready to become powerful than ever before. It is also acknowledgeable that the author has presented a convincing argument about the foundation of tradition. At the time when the idea of mass politics was becoming evident, different nations were competing for global attention and power. They combined their quest with culture and tradition.( Hobsbawm 102) The nations wanted to get their own colonies while maintaining their unique traditions and culture. Very soon, there was the global mass politics with more countries trying hard to portray their powers to the world. The nations established different empires while maintaining their unique identity and culture. This would eventually result in global conflicts as prophesized by some historians earlier. Works Cited Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Empire: 1875-1914. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Print. This essay on The book The Age of Empire was written and submitted by user Braydon Wright to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Strong contrast Essay Example

Strong contrast Essay Example Strong contrast Essay Strong contrast Essay It is extremely tense at this moment as the audience awaits Lindas response. However as the play flickers from story to story, Linda withdraws her hand and turns away. This is because she is in shock, although Linda subconsciously knew what Edwards emotions were, she hadnt admitted it to herself. She also distances herself from Eddie and the situation, to think things through. The declaration causes confusion in Lindas mind, it is obvious that she loves Mickey, but through the poverty and mundane life that she now leads, Edward is seen as a temptation. She sees Edward as having everything, money, parties, education, power, this in turn creates the illusion of perfection that Linda is immediately drawn to as a form of fantasy escapism from the bad aspects of her life. Ironically however, although Edward appears to have everything the one thing he desperately wants more than anything is Linda, the one thing he cant have. Edward portrays the image of a knight, coming to rescue her from her poor life, enhancing her fantasy. As an attempt to convince herself of a false love she says Iv always loved youin a way This pause creates a feeling of doubt and proves that what she is saying is not entirely genuine. She does love Edward, but she is not in love with him. She has always been Mickeys ever since she can remember and this is why she is tempted as she feels she is stuck in a lost rut, but like it is said early in the book, Linda and Mickey are the same this is part of what bonds them. Linda feels inferior to Edward and does not feel good enough for him, due to her upbringing and money situation. As Edward proposes, he grasps her waste, trying to gain intimacy, but the possibility of the high life soon vanishes as she realises it is not going to happen. Didnt mickey tell ya? With the statement of the marriage to Mickey and her pregnancy, this is confirmation of rejection. Edwards heart is broken, signified by the look of shock in his eyes and his head hanging down.  Linda does not have any direct eye contact with Edward throughout the entire scene because of guilt and because she knows the situation is not right. On the other side of the stage Mickey agrees to do the deal and accepts the money, this is another height of tension as it is obvious to the audience it is a bad omen. This is also emphasised through the same words happy New Year. in each section. This is in contrast as it is the opposite of what lies ahead. The narrator plays Edwards friends, to ensure the narrators presence is still strong on stage. The friends are placed on the other side of the stage with Edward to represent the other side/the rich side of his life. Edward is then dragged off and Linda says Ill see ya Eddie This is said quietly, out of regret for what might have been. This goodbye signifies a goodbye to their old platonic friendship and of their childhood and happy memories. Eddie is then frozen with his back to Linda to show him leaving and his anger at the fact he hadnt told her sooner. This is the staging for the next section of the scene:  The next section is of Mickey telling Linda hes takin her out. He begins the scene in the same way as Edward did with Linda. This is mirroring the fact they are both twin brothers and the same, but by Edward shouting and Mickey talking normally is also shows that they are in fact different and Edward is far more desperate for her.  There is a lot of distance between Linda and Mickey. Linda wants to distance herself from the situation and reality of what she has chosen to be with and Mickey because by distancing himself from Linda he is subconsciously distancing himself from the guilt he feels. Linda symbolises what is good and what is right, by the use of levels with him sitting down this not only portrays his guilt, but also him moving towards what is bad. He is excited about the prospect of money and speaks in a louder rushed, higher pitched voice in an attempt to convince himself that what he is doing is okay. When Linda starts saying What? Mickey gets jumpy and panicky and starts shouting at her, this is for a variety of reasons. He is using it as a defence mechanism. The second being that he feels he isnt good enough by not having any money and so is doing it for her but in return she isnt grateful and thirdly because he is looking to Linda to say it is okay and reassure him that it is all right. Linda is also angry, signified by her raising her voice and gesturing her hands, because she is taking out the situation between her and Eddie out on him. She shows this doubt by anger as she soon becomes suspicious what he is doing. When she hears Sammy, it confirms her fears of what work he is doing. Sammy appears on stage, and calls Mickeys name, but is not affected by the scene as he is not in it. This shows that although Mickey is there, he cannot see him as he has changed, by calling out to the audience it emphasises this. Mickey walks out, whilst Linda cries after him in desperation, anguish and helplessness.  This is how it is staged at the end:  Mickey is then frozen whilst walking off, mirroring how Edward is positioned on the other side. As the scenes are frozen, it shows a significant contrast to the beginning of the scene. The pace in the scene is very quick, as shown by the rapid speed in which lines are spoken between the two scenes, this is vital because it portrays how quickly things can turn and alternate from happiness to disaster. Linda is placed in the middle to represent how she is stuck in the middle and torn between the two of them. Throughout, Edward has used one half of the stage while Mickey has used the other, this is symbolic of the half of the womb they each shared before they were born. There is a lot of distance between them during the scenes as someone or two people are always placed between them, this shows the anger and resentment that they both feel and the barrier that money and Linda has caused. The narrator is dressed smartly to portray intelligence. He is dressed in black so that he appears subtle. By the white shirt and black jacket it represents a strong contrast. This is symbolic of the many contrasts in the play, right and wrong, rich and poor and the main contrast, Mickey and Edward, although they are both together. The narrator has been subtle yet dominant through the extract, now appears and speaks as the narrator. He tells the audience that No-ones getting off without the price being paid He steps closer to the audience to gain more impact. If lighting was used, it would be effective to have the narrator in the spotlight for added impact and the brothers in a dimmer spotlight as the audience can focus on what the narrator is saying and it can show who he is talking about. Whilst he talks, he talks in a toneless manner, which makes it more sinister, whilst he tells the prediction of what is ahead. The audience is cautious and apprehensible due to the for-telling. The narrator has said riddles like this throughout the play as a warning for the audience, and with both things for the brothers going wrong it becomes clearer that the climax is closer.

Exercise in Organizing a Descriptive Paragraph

Exercise in Organizing a Descriptive Paragraph After studying our basic model for organizing a descriptive paragraph, you may find it helpful to apply the strategies in this short exercise. Directions Here is the topic sentence of a descriptive paragraph titled The Candle: I treasure my candle not for its beauty, its sentimental value, or even its usefulness, but for its simple, stark ugliness. The rest of the paragraph appears below. However, the sentences have been rearranged so that the descriptions appear in no logical order. Reorder the sentences to create a clearly organized paragraph. Rising crookedly out of the cup and collar is the candle, a pitifully short, stubby object.Abandoned by a previous occupant of my room, the candle squats on the window sill, anchored by cobwebs and surrounded by dead flies.This ugly little memorial consists of three parts: the base, the reflector, and the candle itself.This aluminum flower is actually a wrinkled old Christmas light collar.The base is a white, coffee-stained Styrofoam cup, its wide mouth pressed to the sill.And by lighting the wick, any time I choose, I can melt this ugly candle away.From the bottom of the cup (which is the top of the base) sprouts a space-age daisy: red, green, and silver petals intended to collect wax and reflect candle light.The candle is about the same size and color as a mans thumb, beaded with little warts of wax down the sides and topped by a tiny bent wick. Suggested answers are on page two. REVIEW: How to Write a Descriptive ParagraphDiscovery Strategy: Probing Your TopicDraft a Descriptive ParagraphPractice in Supporting a Topic Sentence with Specific DetailsModel Descriptive Paragraphs NEXT: Revision Checklist for a Descriptive Paragraph. Suggested Rearrangement of Sentences: Organizing a Descriptive Paragraph Here is how the nine sentences in The Candle were originally arranged. I treasure my candle not for its beauty, its sentimental value, or even its usefulness, but for its simple, stark ugliness. (2) Abandoned by a previous occupant of my room, the candle squats on the window sill, anchored by cobwebs and surrounded by dead flies. (3) This ugly little memorial consists of three parts: the base, the reflector, and the candle itself. (5) The base is a white, coffee-stained Styrofoam cup, its wide mouth pressed to the sill. (7) From the bottom of the cup (which is the top of the base) sprouts a space-age daisy: red, green, and silver petals intended to collect wax and reflect candle light. (4) This aluminum flower is actually a wrinkled old Christmas light collar. (1) Rising crookedly out of the cup and collar is the candle, a pitifully short, stubby object. (8) The candle is about the same size and color as a mans thumb, beaded with little warts of wax down the sides and topped by a tiny bent wick. (6) And by lighting the wick, any time I choose, I can melt this ugly candle away.

How Economic Status And Gender Roles Affect Domestic Violence Term Paper

How Economic Status And Gender Roles Affect Domestic Violence - Term Paper Example Violence and abuse have been impacted by these changes because of the value placed on masculinity and femininity. As the woman rises in her professional career and earns enough for her own economic independence and financial stability for the family, the more the masculinity of men are threatened. This is impacted further by the structural, contextual and symbolic meanings within the marital relationship. The direction of Studies on Domestic Violence The dynamics of socioeconomic structures have been found to impact and influence the relationship of husbands and wives as income, education, and employment are seen as indicators of economic resources. This, though, is not enough reason to lead to an abusive relationship, where the women are the victims. Masculinity is closely associated with economic stability and financial capability to lead a family life. A husband’s traditional role is to provide for his family. Without this capability, the husband is burdened with stress and pressure in finding a job that will make him capable. A man’s capabilities, then, is shown to be linked to being able to earn for their family’s provisions. Because of this incapability, the stress and pressure, husbands tend to direct their frustration and anger on their environment, which incidentally is their families. A psychological theory for this is that men tend to express their frustration as aggression towards easy targets and those that they deem supposedly less powerful than them, their women and children.

Business Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Marketing - Essay Example Moreover, if a customer is not happy with the complimentary services provided by Apple, he may get hold of Apple Protection Plan which is to be purchased. Apple claims that the protection plan gives one stop service and support from Apple experts. Solutions to your queries are just a call away. The plan gives both the hardware and software support (Apple-Support-AppleCare, 2011). Here is what Apple says about its service plan: Apart from one stop technical service, hardware and software support is also included. The hardware support includes coverage of iPhone, battery, earphones and accessories. Regarding battery coverage, service is available for battery depletion of 50% or more from original specification (Apple-Support-AppleCare, 2011). There is an app store of Apple which has hundreds of thousands of software on its store. It is the world’s largest mobile applications store. Some of them are free, and some are to be purchased. There are amazing applications related to games, lifestyle, social networking, and education. You can browse your choice of application and start playing with it right away after downloading it. App store also let you update your current applications in your iPhone by just a single tap (Apple-iPhone-Learn about apps available on the App Store, 2011). Buys (2009) writes in his article about Apple customer satisfaction. As per him, AppleCare provides excellent support service. It repairs phone, answer your queries and replace the damaged parts. If you want to inquire about importing a movie into iMovie, AppleCare will be of great help in this regard. With a single phone and lots of applications in it, you can do simultaneous works at a time; write a book, take photos, make movies. This is why Apple has been a great success (Buys, 2009). However, John (2009) comments on the above article that Apple has a terrible service. His experience for replacing broken products was bad; he said it took him months to have it

Sense and Sensibility Essay Example for Free

Sense and Sensibility Essay Jane Austen’s novel â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† was originally named â€Å"Elinor and Marianne† before the title was changed during publication in 1811. Thus, the readers associate Elinor with â€Å"sense† and Marianne with â€Å"sensibility†. â€Å"Sense† and â€Å"sensibility† establish the overall characterization of the two main characters. The dichotomy of â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† is one of the perspectives through which the novel is most commonly analyzed. Although Jane Austen seems to be in favour of â€Å"sense†, through the novel’s plot and characterization of the Dashwood sisters, Jane Austen seems to be suggesting that a balance of both attributes is necessary in order for one to survive in their society. â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† refer to Elinor and Marianne, respectively. From the footnotes of the novel, â€Å"sense† is defined as possessing judgment and intelligence, while â€Å"sensibility† is defined as capacity for refined emotional response to feelings and experiences, involving delicate sensitivity to moral and aesthetic issues. From these descriptions, Elinor can be portrayed as the embodiment of â€Å"sense†, while Marianne is â€Å"sensibility†. At the beginning of the novel, Jane Austen describes these two traits in Elinor and Marianne and how they are in comparison to each other. â€Å"Elinor†¦ possessed a strength of understanding and coolness of judgment†¦ and her feelings were strong: but she knew how to govern them† and â€Å"Marianne’s†¦ quite equal to Elinor†¦ but eager in everything†¦ she was everything but prudent. † These descriptions set up the basic personalities of the Dashwood sisters throughout the novel and are important in showing their growth. Some of the main trials faced in the novel are for â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† to cooperate and for the sisters to find a meeting point between reason and emotion. In the novel, as Elinor and Marianne mature and develop, the readers start to see the sisters exhibiting each other’s characteristics. For instance, when Elinor finds out that it was Robert that Lucy married and not Edward, she reacted the way the readers would expect Marianne to behave: â€Å"Elinor could sit no longer†¦ burst into tears of joy, which at first she thought would never cease. † By exhibiting â€Å"sensibility†, Elinor demonstrates to Edward her feelings for him and consequently, they are happily married at the end of the novel. Another instance is when Marianne reflects on her behavior: â€Å"My illness has made me think†¦ I saw in my own behavior†¦ nothing but a series of imprudence towards myself and want of kindness to others. † Here Marianne begins to think more rationally and before long, she sees how caring and heroic Colonel Brandon is capable of being (previously, she thought of Colonel Brandon as one who has succumbed to the infirmity of dull middle age) and eventually, Marianne gets her happy ending. From the aforementioned examples, the readers perceive that it is only when the sisters are able to find an intersection point between reason and emotion and their â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† are in balance, do the Dashwood sisters get their deserved outcomes. Here, the title â€Å"Sense and Sensibility† act as a plot device, as well as a device for character development. Another way in which the title of the novel is significant is it explores some of the main concerns in â€Å"Sense and Sensibility†. One of the main concerns explored is the relationship between Elinor and Marianne. The title â€Å"Sense AND Sensibility† perhaps suggests that â€Å"sense† cannot exist and function without â€Å"sensibility† and vice versa. Seeing that Elinor represents â€Å"sense† and Marianne represents â€Å"sensibility†, this would explain the reversal of roles at the end of the novel. The role reversal discards the somewhat fixed descriptions of the Dashwood sisters at the beginning of the novel. If Elinor and Marianne were to remain true to Jane Austen’s characterization of them, they would not be able to achieve their respective happy endings. Another concern explored through the title is societal expectations of women. In the introduction, it explains that â€Å"sensibility† may be considered as â€Å"a feminine attribute in some respects, but it would be socially inconvenient for women to possess too much of it, for they would not fit in with what was required of them or put up with what they had to endure†. One example, where the â€Å"possession† of too much â€Å"sensibility† has caused a problem is Marianne. When Marianne saw Willoughby at the ball, she was overcome by emotions and acted against the social code and shortly after that she fell ill. This is a result of her having too much of â€Å"sensibility† and too little â€Å"sense†. Perhaps Austen is trying to make a point that in society, a woman needs to have Elinor’s â€Å"sense†, but she also needs to display emotion and possess a bit of passion like Marianne. In short, the well balance of â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† is necessary. All in all, the overall impression that the readers get from the title, â€Å"Sense and Sensibility†, in relation to the novel’s plot and characters, is that the novel is not about the triumph of sense over sensibility or their division; on the contrary, the readers remember â€Å"sense† and â€Å"sensibility† as a conjunction of terms that serve together as the compound subject of Jane Austen’s novel.

Essay --

In the past, only the physical aspects of cancer were recognized. An individual’s body was only treated and the person within that body went unnoticed. Cancer, which was commonly known as the â€Å"C word†, was considered a death sentence. The patient was often not told the diagnosis as family and physicians felt that the patient was unable to handle this diagnosis. In early years there was a stigma to having cancer and people did not talk about it. In the late 70s, psychiatrist Limmie Holland was the first health care professional that began speaking about the human side of cancer. She began the initial permanent psychiatric service in a cancer research hospital in 1977 and this produced the field psycho-oncology. However people were often confused as to what psychiatrists were doing with cancer patients and they frequently questioned it. Even today, there is confusion about the need for psycho-oncology services in the medical community and occasionally even resistance from patients(Inman, 2010). When one is diagnosed with cancer, it is ego shattering. The secure, predictable place where one felt in control is no more - their world as they once knew it no longer exists. The changes they go through can be extremely challenging. Cancer influences every aspect of life: one’s body, mind, spirit; family; friends; job; relationship with God and future. The diagnosis often leaves them feeling physically, mentally, emotionally and cognitively out of control. Physically, treatment can produce exhaustion, pain, and irritability. Emotionally, feelings may become intense at times. Cognitive changes involve patients having difficulty with memory and concentration. The emotions one goes through may continue after treatment finishes. There are no... ...onjunction with the parent’s over-protectiveness. Social Effects Children with cancer may experience some social effects due to the illness. School-going children with cancer have limited time available for normal activities as they are preoccupied with hospitalizations, treatments, laboratory tests and radiology scans. They are also limited in terms of the types of activities they can engage in as they become easily fatigued, have limited mobility and have a higher risk of injury than other children. Some of the social effects of cancer and its treatment include feelings of being overwhelmed, anxiety, depression, fear, frustration, and a poor self concept (Spinelli, 2004). Psychological Effects Children with cancer may also experience psychological side effects such as social isolation, peer rejection, tendency to withdrawal and embarrassment (Spinelli, 2004).

Homelessness in America Essay

Tonight alone, twenty-three percent of citizens in the United States will become homeless. Ninety-four percent of people living on the streets are single adults, four percent are part of families and two percent are unaccompanied runaway minors. The homeless shelters begin filling, therefore beginning to cause a slight problem, services in the shelters will worsen. The homeless are being slowing exiled from society, creating division in the social class structure between the low-income class and the homeless class (Homelessness in America). The homeless struggle in surviving economical and physically, and with the declining of useful services in the shelters due to the overcrowding, the homeless community is incapable of reestablishing in society. The homeless and the shelters require an increasing amount of useful services in order to assist homeless citizens’ into reentering society once again. The controversial idea for improving services amongst homeless shelters continues in turmoil. Society, excluding the homeless, views the homeless as wasteful citizens of the United States, again exiling them from society (A Nation in Denial: The Truth about Homelessness). They see them as good for nothing, drug addicted people who are too lazy to actually apply themselves and work. Many Americans feel this way towards homeless communities; however, many homeless are out on the streets due to loss of job, being non-financially stable, and due to mental and/or physical disabilities. Homeless people are view upon and discriminated against in such a negative fashion, abating homeless peoples chances of receiving the proper support in order to responsibly take action and reenter society as a working citizen (Homelessness: Whose problem is it?). Americans’ judging a single homeless person based on the America’s judgments’ of the homeless community is ignorant. I personally view each homeless people as an individual who needs assistance, needs the extra encouragement to be able to support them self, one who needs a higher quality of services provided for them in the shelters. If we, as a nation, help out the homeless shelters by giving them better services, each homeless citizen will be able to rejoin society and feel a sense of pride for themselves once and for all, if not, they will all die. Bettering the services in the shelters helps tremendously for the homeless community. Peoples’ largess allows encouragement to flow through the homeless citizens, thus setting up a plan  for them to rejoin society once and for all. Helping the homeless shelters helps the homeless, not only for themselves, but helps the nation. Assisting homeless people back into society allows for a larger working class, opens many different job opportunities and strengths the economy by making more money. Although hundreds of the millions of homeless people who want support in order to restart their lives, a great amount of the homeless do not want help, they do not want to rejoin society again, â€Å"I enjoy being homeless!† (Voices from the Street). The homeless refuse to enter society, having to work in order to better themselves. Only about fifteen percent of the homeless in the shelters feel this way because of their drug addiction. In fact, few homeless people are out on the streets due to drug addiction. They plan to gain sympathy from society by pleading for loose change, in which that loose change that they say is for a meal, is in fact used to support their drug addiction. Despite the percentage of homeless people who do not want help; this is why the shelters want greater services. The homeless who say they do not want help are the ones who need it the most and without the proper services, homelessness will continue to grow in astonishing numbers (Homeless Rates in U .S. Held Level Amid Recession). Homeless shelters should be able to have an upgrade of their services to help the homeless; otherwise, the homeless struggling in the streets will never be able to call a place their home. In America, homelessness is an increasing problem in our great nation. Each and every day, large amounts of citizens’ fall under the homeless class, over filling each homeless shelter the country has to offer. Not owning the proper services to help each homeless person in the shelters to be able to reenter society to better them continues the growing problem of homelessness. Why not offer the homeless better services? I believe that every shelter, in order to end homelessness, should obtain an upgrade of their services, but without the help of the nation, the homelessness issue will continue and the homeless will never have a chance to reestablish themselves in society again.

Batangas Authentic Food Essay

Introduction Food plays a significant role in people’s lives. These may encompass food as a tool for comfort, reward, as a hobby and also for travel. It has become a defining obsession among the young and urbane, viewing it as a legitimate option for a hobby, a topic of continual discussion and a playground for competition. Food’s transformation from a fetid hobby to a youth-culture phenomenon happens remarkably fast. In these events, food becomes one of the primary reasons in motivating a person to travel (Idov, 2012). Culinary tourism covers beyond the dining experience. It includes a variety of culinary, agri-tourism and agri-food activities, developed specifically for tourists that showcase food and beverages. This also provides opportunity for visitors to discover dishes indigenous to each region while learning about its unique talents and creativity. The International Culinary Tourism Association also defines Culinary Tourism as, â€Å"the pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences.† Cuisine is among the most flexible and dynamic elements of culture. It involves the blending of ingredients and preparations for different cultures. Agricultural diversification, food preservation technology, efficient transportation, awareness of new food preparation techniques, prestige foods and migrations into and out of communities have been ushering supplementary culinary traditions in the Philippines. Culinary traditions are important elements of a people’s history. As local tourism and heritage conservation become significant to community pride and income, histories about food are needed as reference for contemporary projects and planning. There are many reasons for valuing culinary history (Sta. Maria, 2006). The Philippines’ 7,107 islands, divided into 77 provinces, show an enormous diversity in both their people and landscape. From the rugged cliffs and Ivatans of Batanes Islands through the sophisticated urbanites of Manila to the coral islands and Moslems of Tawi – Tawi, this is a land of extraordinary contrast and variety (Hicks, 2005). Philippine cuisine begin with a simple fare, a variety of vegetables readily gathered from the environment – yams such as taro, an assortment of leaves, coconut milk, fish, and chicken and pig, both of which are native to Southeast Asia. The Malay-Polynesian kitchen contributions such as coconut milk, varieties of rice, garlic, ginger, salted dried fish, shrimps, fish sauce, leaf-wrapped cuisine and roast pig are the staple. The use of peanuts and spices is more passive than in neighboring countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. From the Chinese cuisine evolved the lumpia and pancit which have taken the form of pancit luglug, pancit guisado, pancit marilao, pancit palabok and pancit molo. Spanish cooking introduced meat boiled as in puchero, cooked in vinegar as in adobo, stewed in tomato sauce as in mechado and scopped out and restuffed as relleno; along with desserts like leche flan and pastry such as ensaimada (Roces, 2006). Heading on the southwestern part of Luzon in the CALABARZON region lays the province of Batangas which offers acclaimed taste sensations. The name Batangas come from the word â€Å"batangan† meaning a raft that the people use for fishing in Taal Lake. Two of the world’s rarest freshwater fishes namely maliputo and tawilis are found in Taal Lake. Batangas cow is widely sought throughout the country. It is said to be one of the best species of cattle in the Philippines. Batangas culture is greatly influenced by the Spaniards because of their long period of settlement. Food is an integral part of the Batangas culture. Most Batangueà ±os are farmers and fishermen who sell their own products in the market. People can find a very hospitable culture in the Batangueà ±os, sharing more than the usual of the food they eat. Tourists keep coming back to Batangas not only for its attractions but also for the authentic food it offers. Batangas cuisine is attractive not because of the presentation of the dish, but because of its essence. The philosophy of cooking in Batangas is that cooking should highlight rather than coat. This study entitled â€Å"Culinary Tourism: Assessment of Batangas Cuisine† aims to evaluate the prominence of culinary attractions in Batangas, and the perception of the tourists in the native cuisines. Statement Of The Problem The researchers sought the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the tourists in terms of: a. Age; b. Gender; c. Place of Origin; and d. Frequency of visit 2. What is the profile of the local dishes in terms of: a. Ingredients; b. Presentation; c. Techniques; d. History; e. Geography; and f. Prevailing Flavors 3. What is the perception of the tourists on the local dishes in terms of: a. Authenticity; b. Related programs and activities; and c. Feedback of tourist on the local dishes 4. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the tourists and their perception on the local dishes? Research Objectives The researchers fulfilled the following objectives: 1. Identify the profile of the tourists in terms of: a. Age; b. Gender; c. Place of Origin; and d. Frequency of visit. 2. Distinguish the profile of the local dishes in terms of: a. Ingredients; b. Presentation; c. Techniques; d. History; e. Geography; and f. Prevailing Flavors. 3. Determine the perception of the tourist on the local dishes in terms of: a. Authenticity; b. Related programs and activities; and c. Feedback of tourists on the local dishes. 4. Determine the significant relationship between the profile of the tourists and their perception on the local dishes. Significance Of The Study This study would be beneficial not only for the researchers but also for the other sectors of the society. The research would be significant for the endeavors of the following people: For hospitality students and professors The research will serve as a reference for the students and professors in their Hospitality Management courses. This study will also help students and professors to gain a deeper understanding in relation to the study. For the local community The study will strengthen the awareness of the local community in authentic cuisines of the different municipalities in Batangas. Through this study, they will be more familiar with their own traditional cuisines. For producers of the cuisines The study will serve as an opportunity to preserve and sustain the cuisines to the future generation. It will be beneficial for the producers of these cuisines to enhance their reputation and prestige. This will also be the source of their revenue if the cuisines will be recognized more by the people. For the local government The research will help the local government of Batangas in establishing a framework for the development of Food tourism. It will also help in promoting Batangueà ±o cuisines and the province itself. For the tourists The research will help the tourists to be more knowledgeable of the authentic cuisines the Batangueà ±os has to offer. It will also guide them in experiencing and familiarizing with the different cuisines in Batangas. For travel entities. The study will serve as a guide for the travel entities in promoting the Culinary Tourism of Batangas to their clients. It will also serve as a basis for formulating tour packages that will suit the preferences of the clients. For the researchers The study will be significant for the researchers in enhancing their knowledge about the native cuisines in the province of Batangas. It will serve as a tool in boosting the awareness of the researchers in the field of Food Tourism. For future researchers. The study will be helpful for the future researchers as their basis for their potential study. Scope and Limitation The study only covered Food Tourism of selected areas in Batangas. It also determined the main dishes the Batangueà ±os have to offer. These main dishes included Maliputo, Tawilis, Adobo sa Dilaw, Taghilaw, Tinindag, Bulalo and Sinaing na Tulingan that can be found in Lipa City, Taal, and Sto. Tomas. The dishes selected are most frequently encountered by the researchers in books, magazines, newspapers and government brochures. The study evaluated the perception of the tourists on the local dishes but not those of the local residents. It did not cover the eating habits of the tourists and the ethnic diversity of the dishes. Moreover, the study did not include the native delicacies and beverages.

Writing an Outline for an Informative Essay on Politics of Educational Inequality

Writing an Outline for an Informative Essay on Politics of Educational Inequality No one, not even the literary greats you admire, started writing a novel, short story or an essay without first developing an outline that will serve as a guide throughout the writing process. Although in some cases, this outline may be just a mental picture of how a story should go, this mental image still falls under the category of a writing outline. Therefore, when writing an essay, it is recommended you have an outline to serve as a ‘lighting tower’ to guide your path. Now, there are easy topics to write about as well as difficult subject matters and an essay on the politics of educational inequality definitely belongs to the latter. This is due in part to the sensitive nature of the topic as well as the racial undertones contained in the facts and figures you may include in your essay to make your points. Therefore, it is imperative that you create an outline for your take on the politics of educational inequality and this article will be dedicated to providing you with essay tips on creating an all-encompassing outline. Understand the Questions Asked Most essays are dedicated to clarifying your position on certain policies, answering questions raised or to making a point for or against the subject been discussed. Therefore, the first step to creating an outline for your essay on the politics of educational inequality is having a clear understanding of your stance on the topic to be expatiated on. Therefore, your outline should start with your understanding of the topic and this will serve as a great resource for your introductory and conclusion texts. Outline the Facts and Information to Be Shared To simplify your writing task, it is important that you fish out the information and facts that would help you intelligently make your point and include them in your rough outline according to their level of relevance. This categorization - according to relevance - will help you organize your thoughts and allow you place these facts accurately throughout the body of your essay. Outline the Basic Shape of Your Essay Creating clear cut sections for how you plan to organize the entire body of work contained in your essay provides you with a certain vision on how to proceed and conclude the project without getting bogged down in the middle with unnecessary distractions. The universally used ‘shapes’ for essays include a clear introduction, an essay body which contains all the facts, information and arguments and a good conclusion. And we advise that you also make use of this pattern when writing about the politics of educational inequalities. Simplify Your Concluding Paragraphs It is universally acknowledged that an excellent essay must contain a conclusion which helps the writer reaffirm his or her answer to the questions raised. The outline method already provides you with enough ammunition to draft a moving conclusion for your essay since all the important factors that make up a conclusion have already been previously outlined. All you need to do is use this information in a convincing manner to get the reader on your side or at least to acknowledge your points in your concluding paragraphs. Please check our 10 facts for an informative essay on education as well as 20 topics and a sample essay on the subject. The art of paper writing is a methodical one that requires extensive effort and we hope this little tips will inspire you to keep putting in the required effort to move your writing attempts from good to great.

4 ventajas de estudiar en los Community Colleges en USA

4 ventajas de estudiar en los Community Colleges en USA Si ests interesado en estudiar una  carrera universitaria en Estados Unidos, los Community Colleges son una opcià ³n a considerar para cursar los dos primeros aà ±os. La estadà ­sticas ponen de relieve la importancia de los Community Colleges dentro del sistema universitario de los Estados Unidos. Segà ºn el Community College Research Center, el 45 por ciento de los estudiantes universitarios en el paà ­s realizan sus estudios en uno de esos centros. Esto es, ms de ocho millones de estudiantes, de los cuales ms de la mitad estudian a tiempo parcial. Quà © son los Community Colleges   El nombre de Community Colleges se refiere a instituciones universitarias que otorgan un Associates Degree al estudiante que finaliza sus estudios y requieren haber completado 60 crà ©ditos en cursos semestrales. Por contra, los colleges y universidades otorgan un tà ­tulo universitario en la forma de Bachelor ´s Degree y es necesario haber finalizado 120 crà ©ditos. Los Community Colleges tambià ©n se conocen con el nombre de Technical Colleges o Junior Colleges, incluso County Colleges. En las diferentes zonas geogrficas de Estados Unidos hay la costumbre de llamarle de distinta forma. En todo caso, es lo mismo. T ambià ©n se le conoce como instituciones de dos aà ±os, ya que si se estudia a tiempo completo y satisfactoriamente los cursos se finalizan en ese tiempo. Si no ests familiarizado con los Community Colleges y te gustarà ­a realizar estudios universitarios en Estados Unidos, deberà ­as tener en cuenta las siguientes razones para determinar si estudiar los primeros dos aà ±os en ese tipo de institucià ³n es una buena opcià ³n para ti. El costo de los Community Colleges es mucho ms asequible que el de las Universidades de 4 aà ±os El ahorro puede ser muy grande y servir para pagar gastos como alimentacià ³n, libros de texto, viajes, etc. La mayorà ­a de los Community Colleges son pà ºblicos, aunque tambià ©n los hay privados. Estos à ºltimos son ms caros, pero siguen siendo un ahorro notable en comparacià ³n con Universidades y Colleges. Adems, en la mayorà ­a de los estados hay una diferencia en el precio de la matrà ­cula (tuition) entre in state y out of state. Los que califican como in state, es decir, los residentes en ese estado generalmente pagan mucho menos que los de out of state (aunque no siempre es asà ­). Ciudadanos, residentes, refugiados y asilados que vivan en un determinado estado y cumplan con requisitos adicionales que dependen de cada estado pueden calificar para una matrà ­cula in state. Si los indocumentados califican o no para esa calificar depende del estado. Pero en muchos de ellos, sà ­ que se pueden beneficiar y pagar como in state, si realmente residen en el estado. (Si eres un muchacho o muchacha indocumentado  calificado como Dreamer y todavà ­a no has aplicado por la Accià ³n Diferida, considera hacerlo y valora sus posibles ventajas). Los estudiantes internacionales (visas F-1 o M-1) deben pagar como out of state.   Ejemplo de ahorro en coste de pago de matrà ­cula en community college frente a universidad La Universidad de Texas es pà ºblica y prestigiosa con muchos centros. Estudiar en su campus de cuatro aà ±os de Austin tiene un costo de matrà ­cula anual para el curso que empieza en octubre de 2014  de $34,722 para los estudiantes out of state. Y de $9,798 para los in  state. En comparacià ³n, Central Texas Community College, tambià ©n pà ºblico, tiene un costo por aà ±o para el curso que empieza en octubre de 2014 de $6,270 para estudiantes out of state y de $2,130 para los que pueden calificar como in state. En comparacià ³n, Rice University, tambià ©n radicada en Texas pero privada, tiene un costo de matrà ­cula anual para el mismo periodo de $40,665, para todo tipo de estudiantes, ya que al ser una institucià ³n privada no hace distinciones entre residentes en el estado y los que no lo son a la hora de determinar  cunto cuesta la matrà ­cula en ms de 1,000 Community Colleges Menores exigencias en los tests  de ingreso, como TOEFL, SATS o similares Aunque cada centro tiene sus propias reglas, en general admiten estudiantes con resultados ms bajos en los exmenes estandarizados como TOEFL, SATS y equivalentes. O puede suceder que incluso no sean un requisito. Adems, conviene tener en cuenta que los que son pà ºblicos pueden tener normas que los obliguen a aceptar dentro de su sistema a los estudiantes residentes en el estado que han obtenido su graduacià ³n de high school o equivalente, tipo GED. Esto no sucede con los estudiantes internacionales ni con los residentes de otros estados de la Unià ³n Americana. Pero sà ­ que merece resaltar que los requisitos de ingreso son, en general, ms fciles de obtener que los que piden las universidades y colleges de cuatro aà ±os. Por lo tanto, para los estudiantes que todavà ­a no se sienten cà ³modos acadà ©micamente con el inglà ©s, los Community Colleges pueden ser una gran opcià ³n. Excelente oportunidad para familiarizarse con el sistema educativo universitario de los Estados Unidos Los estudios en un Community College son dos aà ±os en los que se puede mejorar notablemente el conocimiento del inglà ©s y sus particularidades acadà ©micas. Adems, brinda la oportunidad de conocer y entender el sistema de crà ©ditos, requisitos, reas de concentracià ³n  (mayors), titulaciones, etc. Esto puede ser recomendable para los estudiantes extranjeros que no han cursado ningà ºn aà ±o de high school en Estados Unidos y desconocen el sistema de estudios. Ofrecen una titulacià ³n en sà ³lo dos aà ±os El tà ­tulo que se gana al completar los crà ©ditos es el de Associates Degree y se conoce como Diploma o Certificate. En muchos casos es suficiente para desempeà ±ar profesiones como algunos tipos bsicos de enfermerà ­a, maestro de educacià ³n temprana, paralegal, tà ©cnico de laboratorio, etc. En otros, se puede utilizar como un trampolà ­n para acceder a una universidad o college de cuatro aà ±os y asà ­ ganar una titulacià ³n universitaria completa. Si ests pensando en aplicar, recuerda que es conveniente hacerlo a ms de una (entre seis y ocho o incluso diez se considera prctica estndar). Y estos son los  ocho tipos de documentacià ³n que vas a necesitar para aplicar a la universidad  y a muchos colleges, por lo que es muy importante planear con tiempo. A pesar de las ventajas que supone estudiar en un Community College y por lo que deberà ­a ser una opcià ³n a considerar, tambià ©n hay que tener presente los siguientes inconvenientes Posible dificultad  para hacer un transfer a una universidad de cuatro aà ±os No todas las universidades y colleges aceptan estudiantes que han realizado parte de sus estudios en otra institucià ³n. O, si los aceptan, imponen condiciones duras para transferir los crà ©ditos ya estudiados. Por esta razà ³n, si lo que se pretende es estudiar una carrera de cuatro aà ±os es obligatorio   asegurarse saber  cuntas universidades y garantizan la admisià ³n de los estudiantes del Community College que se est considerando como una  opcià ³n  para estudiar los dos primeros aà ±os. La admisià ³n est garantizada siempre y cuando se haya cursado un determinado nà ºmero de crà ©ditos y el GPA (calificacià ³n media de los cursos realizados) està © dentro del mà ­nimo  aceptado por la Universidad. Adems, hay universidades que aceptan de buena gana estudiantes internacionales provenientes  de Community Colleges prestigiosos por considerar que ya conocen el sistema acadà ©mico americano. Eso puede ser asà ­ aunque no tengan firmado ningà ºn acuerdo. En estos casos va a depender de la calidad y mà ©ritos de los estudiantes. Para evitar problemas en los transfer analizar en detalle los Community Colleges que pueden ser una opcià ³n.   En el caso de estudiantes internacionales preguntar quà © tipo de apoyo tienen para acomodarse al sistema de vida americano y para mejorar en el inglà ©s. Opciones de visa para los estudiantes internacionales La visa de estudiante ms comà ºn es la F-1 y, en el caso de estudios vocacionales, la M-1. Pero a veces ms que estudiar una carrera lo que se quiere es practicar el inglà ©s y vivir unos meses en USA. En estos casos es recomendable tener en cuenta los  distintos programas que conforman la visa J-1 de intercambio, ya que en algunos casos podrà ­an ser convenientes.   Otra opcià ³n para los estudiantes que viven en Mà ©xico o Canad cerca de la frontera es solicitar una visa F-3, que les permite conocer el sistema educativo estadounidense sin necesidad de tener que vivir en los Estados Unidos. Posibles problemas para sacar la visa de estudiante Si el dinero no es un problema y te han admitido de una buena universidad de cuatro aà ±os, acepta. Los Community Colleges son una buena opcià ³n, dependiendo de las caracterà ­sticas de cada estudiante, incluso pueden ser la mejor opcià ³n en casos de inglà ©s limitado o cuando el dinero va muy justo. Pero si hay la oportunidad de ir a una buena universidad, esa deberà ­a ser siempre la primera opcià ³n. Adems, si eres estudiante internacional, aplicar para un Community College puede ser visto como sospechoso por el oficial consular que debe aprobar la visa de estudiante. Es importante conocer las causas que pueden convertir a una persona en inelegible para una visa no inmigrante, entre las que se encuentra la de estudiante. Adems, estas son  22 causas que convierten a una persona en inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos. De interà ©s Si eres una persona recià ©n llegada a los Estados Unidos, es conveniente familiarizarse con las leyes y costumbres del paà ­s. Por ejemplo, para los jà ³venes es de relevancia saber cules  son las leyes de edad del consentimiento sexual.   Es importante conocer las que aplican en el estado en el que se vive. Ignorarlas puede tener efectos migratorios malos para los estudiantes internacionales. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Project management for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project management for business - Essay Example mwork demonstrated by Arup management with the help of consulting the technical experts from engineering, management and mechanical departments, whose collaborative planning and implementations of the same could turn out to be triumphant in making the Olympic event as a great accomplishment in the eyes of jury, participants, spectators and experts alike. The report on the foundation of the given case study has reached the conclusion that Arup’s hiring services and consultation of skilled and proficient experts as well as taking risks out of their expertise has also contributed to the extraordinary success of the project they had articulated and presented on the eve of Olympic Games held in China, and hence won first prize from association of project management (APM) subsequently. This report has been created by making evaluation of the Water Cube project, which had been planned, managed, introduced and presented by Arup project management team as a venue for conducting of Summer Olympic competitions 2008 (Arup, 2008). One of the most essential reasons behind writing this report includes the exploration of project management by paying particular heed to the project planning, and project monitoring and control. Support has also been sought from the theories associated with the under-examination projects on one side, and practical steps taken by Arup for the successful accomplishments of their Water Cube project on the other (APM, 2008). Two theoretical frameworks including Project Constraints and Project Lifecycle have been included in this report, both of which had been selected by Arup management while planning, executing and administering their under-examination project. A project simply refers to a unique, transient endeavour undertaken to achieve planned objectives (APM, 2012). A project is a temporary organisation created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to an agreed business case (Team FME 2013, p. 9). In other terms,

Fishy Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Fishy Foods - Essay Example Fishy food successfully managed the adverse effects of the recession and efficiently used its finances to complete its business as well as its stakeholders. The data used in this report has been sourced from the given case study. Moreover, the theoretical data has been taken from several relevant books which have been mentioned in the reference list. The market-related information has been procured from Mintel and journal articles. Every startup company needs a proper set of marketing strategies for it to prosper and ensure sustainable growth. This report is based on a hypothetical start-up company which started its business in Birmingham by selling specialty fish based food products. The company was started off by two friends John and God. They decided to offer a unique food variety to the customers. The company was named Fishy Foods, which gradually expanded over the years and became quite popular among the customers. Despite the economic crunches caused by the recession, the compa ny managed to sustain its business. This report highlights the marketing strategies taken by the company and how it helped to sustain the business, the internal and external environment and how it influenced the business activities. It also covers the customer behavior along with the STP (segmentation, targeting, positioning) analysis and how the company leveraged it to their own benefit. Fishy Foods caters to the mass market and specialized in fish based foods. The company started off by selling fish finger sandwiches and other fish products like fish soup, fish, and chips with different variants. In order for a new company like Fish foods to run its business successfully, it needs to implement the proper marketing strategies. Before starting a business the company needs to assess the market environments and make any decisions based on the assessment results (Atherton, 2007).  

A critical appraisal and evaluation of the constraints and legal Dissertation

A critical appraisal and evaluation of the constraints and legal protections for foreign investment - Dissertation Example It is for this reason that states and international communities strive towards organizing transactions with the objective of extracting the maximum from foreign investments. Moreover, states and businesses aim at protecting their investments because of the fact that foreign investment is characterized with the internal and external movement of capital turnover and exploitation. Many developing countries believe that foreign investment is an urgent need for achieving economic growth and adopting better technology in their production processes. Developed nations can exploit their technical expertise by investing their capital in developing countries and thus make optimum use of the resources available in these countries. But this need cannot be effectively achieved unless an appropriate environment is created for foreign investments. This implies that foreign investments cannot be made efficient unless a stable process is applied to carry out actions and transactions in a suitably crea ted environment that is free from fear and uncertainty. Additionally, such needs require the implementation of the initial provisions in terms of the existence of such circumstances in order to effectively deal with hurdles that could result in scaled investments and contractions. This is necessary in order to alleviate the intensity of such problems, which is possible only if a legal framework is determined in carrying out the required operations. This paper aims at achieving this goal by examining the varied constraints that obstruct or prevent the smooth flow of foreign capital. It is also important to examine and search for protective measures in terms of legal security for domestic investments. This is best done by balancing conflicting commercial interests independently and without bias and without violating the legitimate rights of the contracting parties. In considering the given perspectives, a critical appraisal and evaluation of the constraints and legal protections for f oreign investment will be made by making a descriptive and analytical appraisal of different issues. The paper will first analyze the phenomenon of foreign investment in terms of legal and economic concepts. Next, an investigation will be done of the emergence and the development of the phenomenon of foreign investment. Finally, the role of foreign investment in the development of trade and the economics in different countries will be discussed. An acknowledged belief in regard to foreign investments is that the advantages accruing from them depend on how they are dealt with by the host country. Researchers have made qualified propositions to the effect that properly regulated foreign investments have the potential to create economic growth, employment, technology advancements, skilled manpower, market accessibility and development of the economy. It is necessary to balance the negativities of foreign investments with their positive effects by adopting applicable systems of control and taxation. Thus, it can be said that foreign investments can be good or bad for any economy, depending on how they are dealt with. This viewpoint is being increasingly accepted in many countries. It is believed in this regard that foreign investments are indispensable for the development and growth of developing economies, no growth is possible without foreign inflow of capital, foreign investments bring efficient ways of managing resources, technologies, competition and accessibility to international markets. Developing countries are not being forced by any entities to seek foreign investments but their governments need them. The private sector is

Sociology Essays Tattooing Body Mutilation

Sociology Essays Tattooing Body Mutilation Tattooing Body Mutilation Sociology Cultural Studies Question. Undertake a case study of any contemporary cultural practice or set of practices of your choice, explaining what you consider to be their sociological significance. Tattooing Body mutilation has long been part of non-Christian cultures as a positive mark of identity, while in many modem Body modification practices are so prolific that an exhaustive account of the practices of body magic and marking around the globe is nearly impossible. Body mutilation such as tattooing often functions as part of a healing ritual, protection against forces that may cause injury and admission to a social group. Cultural practices of body mutilation are often functionally akin to prayer as a practice that spiritually elevates an individual. Tattooing is not the hideous custom which it is called. It is not barbarous merely because the printing is skin-deep and unalterable. -Henry David Thoreau. Several major religions exhibit complex attitudes toward self-mutilation and adornment. In the Old Testament, Leviticus 19.28 prohibits followers of Judaism from marking the body: Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor imprint any marks upon you. The â€Å"Holly Koran† forbids marking the body. The Christian Bible associates body markings with sin as shown in the story of Cain, who was marked in punishment for slaying his brother. Still, many people apparently have continued to feel a need for confirmation of their religion by marking their bodies. The Judaic custom of circumcision persists. Coptic, Armenian, Abyssinian, Syrian, and Russian pilgrims returning from the Holy Land frequently acquired souvenir tattoos to commemorate their journey. At the turn of the nineteenth century, it was traditional for Gypsies to tattoo these pilgrims, and the tattoo marks became part of the pilgrims social status. An example of this is the Armenian title for one who has made the pilgrimage which is Mahdesi, which translates as I saw death. Because only religious pilgrims were tattooed, the religious tattoos were also known as Mahdesi. The tattoo is a code indicating a spiritual passage, or at least a religious pilgrimage. Similarly, in Turkey the souvenir tattoos were known by the Turkish word for one who has made the religious pilgrimage, Haji. These religious tattoos became symbols of entry into a higher plane of spiritual existence and exemplify the overlap between Christian beliefs and body magic. First documented by a traveler in 1660, common marks included dots in the shape of a cross at the base of the fingers and crosses on the back of the hand or inside of the wrist. Biblical scenes marked the bearer as a devout Christian, but also served magical purposes. Women chose Annunciation scenes to ensure fertility, and sufferers of illness placed tattoos on ailing parts of the body to promote healing. Although Greek and Latin Christian churches have criticized these practices, they persist, and many Muslim Arabs tattoo in disregard for the Islamic prohibition on marking the body. Even today, many American tattooees have permanent religious icons and emblems as well as personal magical symbols inked upon their bodies. Tattoos are prompted by the primitive desire for an exaggerated exterior and are manifestations of deep psychological motivations. They are the recording of dreams, which simultaneously express an aspect of the self and recreate and mask the body As products of inner yearnings, self-concepts, desires, and magical or spiritual beliefs, designs on the human body formed by inserting pigments under the skin have been crafted by nearly every culture around the world for thousands of years. Definitive evidence of tattooing dates to the Middle Kingdom period of Egypt, approximately 2000 B.C., but many scholars believe that Nubians brought the practice to Egypt much earlier. There was little anthropological attention to tattooing in the early part of the century because of preconceived notions of its insignificance to cultural analysis. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Maya, Toltec, and Aztec cultures performed tattooing and scarification, and that the practice is thousands of years old in Asian cultures. Although tattooing was practiced in pre-Christian Europe, the word tattoo does not appear in English until Captain John Cook imported it after a journey to the Pacific Islands in the eighteenth century. Although no connection has been made between the words tattoo and taboo, it seems highly likely that they are related. While enduring the process of acquiring socially meaningful marks, the tattooee is being formed and shaped into an acceptable member of society. Prior to the completion of the tattoos the person is not only physically vulnerable because of the possibility of contamination during the penetrating process of tattooing but symbolically vulnerable as well. No longer without a tattoo, but without a finished tattoo, the persons body and therefore the self are not yet completed. The person is a luminal entity not yet in society and therefore taboo. Although the origin of tattooing is uncertain, anthropological research confirms that tattooing, as well as other body alterations and mutilations, is significant in the spiritual beliefs of many cultures. Various peoples tattoo or scarify during puberty rituals. In traditional South Pacific Tonga society, only priests could tattoo others and tattoos were symbolic of full tribal status. Eskimo women traditionally tattooed their faces and breasts and believed that acquiring sufficient tattoos guaranteed a happy afterlife. In many African cultures scars indicate social status and desirability as a marriage partner. Scarification patterns often identify the bearer as a member of a specific village. Many of these practices are changing and fading as Western influences enter African cultures. Until the mid-nineteenth century, Cree Indians living on the Great Plains tattooed for luck, for beauty, and to protect their health. Cree men with special powers received tattoos to help them communicate with spirits. A dream conferred the privilege of receiving a tattoo, which would be inscribed during a ceremony conducted by a shaman authorized to tattoo. The ability to withstand the painful and tedious process of tattooing, which often lasted two to three days, confirmed the tattooees courage. Blood shed during the process was believed to possess magical power and was absorbed with a special cloth and kept for future use. The ritual recreates the flesh bequeathed to initiates by their parents and experienced during childhood. The physical change marks a symbolic rebirth into a new spiritual, social, and physical reality as well as a real physical change. This magical use of the body reiterates the idea that physical and spiritual existence and their interactions are deeply entwined. European civilizing cultures often attempted to eradicate body marking practices, often in the name of religion. In 787 A.D. Pope Hadrian I decreed a ban on tattooing. Constantine prohibited tattooing as an act of altering the body that God molded in His own image. Puritans in the New England colonies connected body markings with witchcraft, and those suspected of practicing witchcraft were searched for devils marks as proof of their alliance with Satan. Quoting the Old Testament interdict against printing or cutting marks upon the flesh, the Puritans also condemned Native American tattooing. By the 1850s many Native Americans had adopted the settlers customs of dress and began to view tattooing as unnecessary and uncivilized. Africans brought to the colonies as slaves often bore scarification marks of royalty, social standing, or servitude, which were probably perceived by the colonists as heathen tokens of savage cultures. In some cultures, the elite class marks the bodies of individuals considered pariahs or marginal members of society. In the Near East, slave masters sometimes tattooed slaves as a sign of degradation and branded incorrigible slaves. In late medieval and early modern Europe, slaveholders branded their slaves, a practice continued in France until the early 1800s and in Russia until the mid-1800s. Runaway slaves in Brazil, the renegade quilombos who were branded if recaptured, considered their brands marks of honor and infamy. In Yoruba, where body markings placed one within society, slave owners denied their slaves distinguishing marks of social status. Exemplifying a much different assumption about body marking, slaveholders in the Americas branded and tattooed their slaves to place them firmly outside mainstream society. During the eighteenth century, prisoners incarcerated in France were physically marked. The use of body markings as positive signs of identification and inclusion in many African societies contrasts sharply with European use of the marks as signs of degradation and marginalization. The American association of tattooing with exoticism solidified in 1851 when Dan Rice hired a tattooed man named James F. OConnell to appear in his circus. During this time Rice was also fascinating America with another body image in popular culture, the blacked-up minstrel. The minstrel representation of the black body was replete with complex meanings of manhood, race, and class. The tattooed body on display was probably less familiar but equally intriguing. Without evidence of what kind of tattoos Rices employee had, or whether or not he performed, or served only as a display object, it is difficult to assess the meaning of his existence. Perhaps OConnell conjured images of a white savage, halfway between the articulate, civilized white man and the Native American who expressed his culture with paint and body markings. Perhaps audiences saw the tattooed man as Melvilles Queequeg incarnate; exotic, half-blackened with ink-and half† black, but not without feeling or humanness. P.T. Barnum followed Rices success by displaying an elaborately inscribed Albanian named Constantine, who was an extremely popular attraction. Barnum was the first to exhibit a tattooed woman, in 1898, which added the erotic element of viewing the female body. During the latter part of the nineteenth century as the public became more familiar with the art of tattooing through the circus, which was primarily a working and lower-class entertainment, tattoo was also developing commercially. The first known professional tattooist in the United States was Martin Hildebrand who had an itinerant practice during the Civil War and opened a shop in New York City in the 1890s. At the turn of the century, tattoos showed up in titillating and disreputable places. Tattooing became a shop-front industry in the disreputable Chatham Square area of New York City. Electric tattoo machines made tattooing cheaper and less painful and good tattoos easier to render. With this new technology, tattooing became popular among the lower classes and quickly came to be associated with blue-collar workers and ruffians. Although tattooing was an upper-class trend for a brief period, by the 1920s the middle class considered it deviant. Tattoos were considered a decorative cultural product dispensed by largely unskilled and unhygienic practitioners from dingy shops in urban slums, and consumers were seen as being drawn from marginal, rootless, and dangerously unconventional social groups. In the 1930s, the American fascination with body alteration as a deviant practice, continued. During this time a psychiatrist and writer named Albert Parry often wrote about the significance of tattoos and embedded stereotypes of deviance in the public discourse. Although Parry was an avid fan of tattooing, and bemoaned its decline in popularity, he called tattooing a tragic miscarriage of narcissism. He claimed tattooing was a substitute for sexual pleasure, evidence of homosexuality, and a source of masochistic pleasure. Parry associated tattooing with abnormal sexuality. Although the exhibition of a tattooed woman in the circus in prior decades was tinged with a hint of sexual voyeurism, Parry explicitly constructed images of tattooed women as abnormal and accessible commodities. He claimed that five percent of American women were tattooed and insinuated that beneath their conventional clothes, these disguised women had marked their bodies with signs of desire and erotic adventure. Parry stated that prostitutes in America, as elsewhere, get tattooed because of certain strong masochistic-exhibitionist drives. Parry reasoned that prostitutes obtained tattoos because they desired yet another reason to pity themselves and were seeking to be mistreated by clients. He also asserted that they believed tattoos would prevent disease and that they obtained sexual pleasure from the tattoo process. As proof of the prostitutes urge to self-humiliate, Parry described several tattoos of cynical humor and sexual innuendo inscribed upon prostitutes, such as pay as you enter. Conflating racism, homophobia, and the idea of women as a sexual commodity, Parry also claimed that English prostitutes etched names of their pimps on themselves or likenesses of their Negro lovers, much to the chagrin of American sailors, while French women inscribed the names of their lesbian lovers, and gay men tattooed themselves in order to seduce young boys. Parry relished the stereotype of tattooing as a perverse and deviant activity. His assertions reverberated for decades in the assumptions psychologists held about tattooed man and women. Tacitly based on the preconception that marking the body is deviant, psychologists have sought to determine a connection between tattoos and psychopathology. Members and potential members of the military who bear tattoos have served as subjects for several studies that correlate tattoos and social adjustment. A study in 1943 concluded that psychopathology or social or emotional maladjustment is significantly higher among tattooed than among non-tattooed men. A 1968 study concluded that sailors with tattoos were more likely to be maladjusted, and military men with Death before Dishonor tattoos were more likely than non-tattooed sailors to be discharged from the service. Other studies conducted during the late 1960s link tattooed women with homosexuality and masochism and tattooing practices in institutions with high levels of aggression, sexual insecurity, and social maladjustment. These studies both pre-selected the subject pools and ignored the effects of the institutional milieu on the tattooees. Other studies of imprisoned populations reveal motivations to tattoo that are similar to the motivations to self-mutilate as a reaction to the surrounding environment. Similar to inmate self-mutilation, tattooing may provide relief from the numbness of incarceration and establish individual or gang identity. A 1964 survey of the public perception of tattooed persons revealed that a majority of people perceived tattooed individuals as physically strong and psychologically aggressive. This survey concluded that whether or not tattoos are indicators of social maladjustment, they may function to enhance the bearers self-image and integrity. Returning to the theory of confirmation of the self in a pain-enduring interaction, one can understand the connotation of toughness and integrity that a tattoo confers. One psychoanalytic case study observed that a dominatrix in this relationship bore her tattoos as evidence of her ability to manage the ritual infliction of pain adroitly. This self-mastery and toughness earned her the right to control her submissive partners and proved her ability to alter, both own and her partners consciousness and identity. The lack of understanding of the functional purposes of both the tattooing process and the final marks have led to a perception of tattooing as barbaric, deviant, and sexually perverse. Dominant American culture has considered tattoos as marks of degradation, criminality, and marginality. Without an understanding of manipulation of the body to inspire sacred awe in viewers and bearers of tattoos and other body alterations, one can not grasp the significance of these alterations as tangible establishment of personal, spiritual, and social identity. Although body modifications such as tattooing and piercing have been construed as signs of deviance, during the past two decades body alteration has begun to filter into mainstream culture as a popular form of self-expression. Articles about tattooing and piercing proliferate in popular literature. Fashion magazines show models with tattooed ankles and pierced navels, and recruit well-known tattooed musicians for their pages. Children are able to play with tattooed dolls. Exhibits of tattoo art are shown in art galleries. Piercing boutiques and tattoo shops are conducting brisk business. Several factors have encouraged a tattoo renaissance since the 1950s. Post war prosperity along the West Coast combined with a new interest in Asian cultures, many of which revere tattooing. The Japanese, for instance, have a long tradition of tattoo as an intricate body art. New technology and interest in tattooing as a fine art have produced new aesthetic standards, a wider clientele, and an infinite variety of tattoo designs, including neo-tribal stylistic forms that are heavily influenced by tattoo traditions of other cultures. Today, as sociologist Clinton Sanders notes, tattooing has become more professional and more of a fine art. Tattoo artists are much more likely to have formal artistic and academic training than in previous years and to consider their tattooing practice a creative pursuit. A more diverse population is getting tattooed in the past two decades. New tattoo clients are better educated, have more disposable income, and care more about the decorative and aesthetic elements. Customer’s often custom design their own tattoos and the tattooer-customer relationship is changing from one of service provider and buyer to a collaborative effort. The relationship between a piercer and his or her client may be even more intricate and personal. With or without conscious realization of the significance of body making in other cultures, Americans today are adopting similar practices. To understand these practices as cultural phenomena, we must first understand their significance for individuals. Tattooing and piercing are not just adornments added to the body surface like jewelry or cosmetics, but they penetrate the flesh. Piercing is a quick process followed by several weeks of tenderness while healing. Tattooing is a tedious, painful process followed by a period of transformation in which the wound heals and the redesigned body emerges. These adornments, like self-starvation and self-cutting, accrue significance from both the process of physical transformation and the final product. The tattoo procedure is often a highly social act in which an individual manipulates and asserts identity within a specific social milieu. Getting a tattoo is often a social event experienced with close associates, who provide moral support, offer advice, and help pass the anxiety-filled waiting time. Many tattoo artists and piercers comment on the large percentage of their customers who belong to college fraternities or sororities and get pierced as part of the initiation process. It is rare that these individuals tattoo or pierce alone. Often several associates accompany the initiate to provide companionship and fortification. Many cultures attach social status to body alterations and consider pain a crucial element for imparting meaning to body alteration. Yoruban scarification is not only considered aesthetically pleasing but announces the marked individuals fortitude and ability to endure pain. A Yoruban woman acquires her markings when she is old enough to marry and accept the painful ordeal of childbirth. Her kolo cicatrices exhibit her willingness to bear pain. Aesthetic value is bound up with the value of endurance and the willingness to bear discomfort to accomplish a greater good. Tiv women remark on the ability of scarification to indicate masculinity and the desire to withstand pain in order to be attractive: What girl would look at a man if his scars had not cost him pain? Withstanding the pain of tattooing and other body alterations is also significant in American culture. The tattooee or piercee, like any initiate, vulnerably awaits the pain and new status the procedure will impart. Enduring pain is often considered crucial to gender constructions and demonstration of toughness. Although some tattooees have a difficult time bearing the pain, others see it as a good pain. Part of the pleasure of a tattoo is the macho implication of being able to bear the pain, and during the 1950s and 1960s getting a tattoo was a common rite of passage into adulthood for many young men. Still today, withstanding the tedious and painful process with bravado may be required to gain membership in a youth gang, or to demonstrate rebellion against authority. College fraternities may require members to get tattooed or pierced as a sign of their loyalty. One tattoo artist with many tattoos connects the pain of the process with the pleasure of creativity. Its a strange metaphor to say that pain is like an orgasm, but it is in a way. And its like labor too, to go through this pain to create a thing, to get it out of you. The design is inside of you, it just wants to get out. The creative expression of identity is enhanced by the feeling of aliveness that accompanies the pain of the process for many people. This sense of existing, of feeling, of enjoying life, [comes] to many with the touch of the needle. The prolonged pain produces euphoria for many, and pain is also a meaningful and enjoyable element of the piercing process for some piercees as well as people who indulge in body branding or scarification.62 Individuals who tattoo and pierce imbue the body with narcissistic or magico-religious powers to confirm identity and connect them to a deeper self-awareness, a social group, or a vision of integration with the cosmos. Similar to the way in which the self-mutilator or anorectic physically demarcates a change in self-awareness and interaction with the surrounding milieu, an individual who chooses to self-mark physically confirms a change in status. The badge of admission may carry personal meaning as well as a message of affiliation with a religion, one other person, a community, a youth gang, a fraternity, a military organization, or any specific group. The complexity of the action lies in the fact that the confirmation of identity is based on distancing the self from a large non-marked portion of the population. Body markings are marks of disaffiliation with the mainstream and visually proclaim a sense of camaraderie to others so marked.† The change in status, similar to the self-mutilators change in tension level and temporary cure of feelings of fragmentation, Body alteration functions in similar ways in Western culture, but it accrues a different potency as a deliberate choice of identification because of the stigma it incurs as a rebellion against, rather than an embodiment of, dominant cultural values. American women, fully aware of the stigma attached to tattooing and body alteration that doesnt help achieve standard beauty goals for women, are more likely than men to choose adornment that is not publicly visible and attach more personal meanings to their markings. In a culture that has taught them to preserve their bodies for the enjoyment of others, women who tattoo themselves are implicitly making a declaration of independence from at least some aesthetic standards expected of them by families, friends, and society. One 21-year-old woman explained the reaction of her mother to her tattoo. She asks me to keep it covered if we go out in public. It is a sign of disrespect to her. One woman explained, I did this not for my husband, not for my parents, not for a boss, not for anyone else but me, my internal reason was to make a statement. Women mark their bodies as an act of reclamation of their identity after a divorce, as a gesture of healing from sexual or other physical abuse, or simply as self-celebration. Body alteration symbolizes control over and pride in the physical self for many women. Centuries ago, this tangible evidence of self-control and self-celebration may have been enough to convict a woman of witchcraft and sentence her to death. If a devils mark was found on the body of a woman accused of witchcraft -whether self-imposed or organic in reality-it was interpreted as a chosen mark that confirmed the womans autonomous nature and rebellion against prescribed behavior. Her willful desecration of her God-given body proved her collusion with the Devil. Today, a womans self-creation carries less formidable consequences. Similar to the ways of punk styles of leather and metal access forbidden gender symbols and behavior for women, tattoos and piercing provide a form of gender rebellion also. The 1970 study highlighted this idea when one of the woman subjects proclaimed her motivation to tattoo as I want to act like a boy anything they can do I can do better. Tattooing and body piercing blur previous assumptions about gender roles for both women and men. Historically considered a salacious and pagan badge by Western cultures, deliberate body alteration proclaims defiance of cultural standards for both men and women, and many body modifiers enjoy the shock value of their adornment and take pride in their stigmatized identities. Piercers and tattooees reject mainstream norms of adornment while simultaneously embracing subterranean status. This is an especially important component of the body modification trend for adolescents who are trying to establish social identity and autonomy from parental authority. Recreating the body differentiates one from ones previous childhood body, and conventional familial and cultural milieus. One connection between body alteration and youth and popular culture is explained by Daryl Bear Belmares, who had been a professional piercer for nine years in 1996 Belmares attributes the rise in piercing popularity since 1990 to the influence of media and describes two general motivations to pierce. Some people are entranced by the trends of the look. They come in and say I saw it on MTV. Theyve seen the Aerosmith video that has a model with a pierced navel and think it looks sexy. Their main motivation is a desire to be different. These individuals are likely to let their piercing heal over after a few years. Other piercers are functional piercers who spend more time premeditating their decision and pierce for sexual enhancement, to consciously mark a transition in their life, or to heal emotional scars. Although one might think that women are more likely to pierce as a narcissistic use of the body to establish identity, based on the proportion of self-starvers and self-cutters who are women, Belmares denied this gender distinction, noting that his clientele is 50 percent men and 50 percent women. In 1969, Edward Podvall noted that not only does the iconography of self-mutilation appear continually on the landscape of our culture as something seemingly more honest, authentic, pure, or disciplined, but it can be found as an unexpected posture within one particular developmental epoch. He concluded that individual self-mutilation is an attempt to fend off developmental anxiety, and its prevalence may indicate exoneration and approval by the surrounding culture. As a cultural phenomenon, the iconography of self-mutilation may be interpreted in several ways. Podvalls depiction of self-mutilation as part of a developmental process, like Turners delineation of body marking as a resolution of an initiation process and like psychoanalytic theory of body narcissism and self-mutilation as attempts to combat fragmentation of the ego, reveals the cultural significance of body modification. Self-starvation, self-cutting, performance art, and painful, permanent body adornment are potent expressions of rebellion, desire for autonomy, and need to disseminate tension. They are attempts to self-heal, self-initiate, and self-symbolize. Self-mutilation may augment self-awareness, provoke euphoric feelings of spirituality, and resolve a state of liminality by culminating in marks of identity. In the context of culturally sanctioned rituals, these marks incur social inclusion and demarcate social status. In American society, which has considered body alteration practices barbaric and has few formal coming of age rituals that mark the body, the perception of these marks as deviant or perverse has been changing as they have become more common. Conclusion: Although the extent to which contemporary Western society accepts self-mutilation is debatable, many forms of self-mutilation are becoming increasingly popular as real and symbolic forms of self-creation. The public and private, individual and social spheres in which body alteration is significant are entwined. Self-mutilation cannot be separated from the culture in which it exists. As David Napier points out, American culture is obsessed with coming of age as a never-ending process. This struggle to achieve identity is reflected by the implosion of self and identity into the physical symbol, and reality, of the body. The human body is an accessible and viable pathway to holistic integration of self and is a terrain upon which to carve and etch ones deepest desires for identity and meaningful connection to both earthly and spiritual realms. At times altering the body is a form of play and adornment, assuming a mask, playing a role, at other times it is a desperate attempt to feel alive and combat a feeling of alienation and disassociation. Altering the body is an exploration of limits and boundaries of the self, whether in the arena of staged art, subculture, or the local tattoo shop. As individuals test their own limits, they test and change the limits of society. Although still considered distasteful and non-mainstream by many people, body piercing and tattooing are being adopted by individuals seeking to fulfill spiritual and social identity needs. In contrast to societies in which body marks are inscribed according to cultural tradition, the self-chosen marks of todays modem cultures are marks of disaffiliation with convention and historical values. Finally, as individuals modify their bodies as exploration of their individual identities, the culture composed of these individuals begins to explore what it means to be human and what role the body plays in civilization. Tattooing is an act which is very much painful in some cases so why should someone get the tattooes even when they are so terrible. This is society‘s responsibility to set such standards for such unusual things so that every body can have clear mind about these weird things. Bibliography 1. Edward Westermarck, â€Å"The History of Human Marriage† Volume: 1. Macmillan. London. 1921 2. Alfred Metraux, Easter Island: A Stone-Age Civilization of the Pacific Oxford University Press, New York. 1957 3. Tattooing and Civilizing Processes: Body Modification as Self-Control Michael Atkinson Journal Title: The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology. Volume: 41. Issue: 2. Publication Year: 2004 4. Tattooing, Gender and Social Stratifica